La economía digital: cambios en la producción, la distribución y el consumo y retos para la legislación

Resumen

La economía digital está caracterizada por múltiples fallos de mercado a lo largo de su proceso productivo, desde la interacción de las empresas con usuarios y trabajadores hasta la distribución de bienes y servicios. La naturaleza económica de datos y algoritmos como inputs productivos y activos intangibles y la comercialización en plataformas en red configuran mercados con fuertes economías de escala que tienden a la concentración. Estas características confieren a las plataformas digitales un poder de mercado inédito reflejado en los «superrendimientos» a su capital intangible. Mientras que la teoría económica aconsejaría una fuerte regulación y gravamen de estas empresas y sus rendimientos, la propia naturaleza digital de las mismas facilita a la vez la elusión de dichas normas.

Palabras clave:

plataformas digitales, cambio tecnológico, capital intangible, monopolización, políticas de competencia, evasión fiscal, desigualdad

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