Determinantes del impacto sobre la huella de carbono de la reconfiguración de las cadenas globales de valor

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar si la evolución de las cadenas globales de valor (CGV) en las que está inmersa la economía española ha contribuido a los objetivos de reducción de emisiones o no. Para ello, se analiza la evolución entre 1995 y 2018 de las emisiones de carbono de España desde distintas perspectivas y se evalúan sus determinantes a través de un análisis de descomposición estructural, utilizando un modelo input-output multirregional ampliado. Prestamos especial atención al impacto de la reconfiguración de las CGV, que han pasado de una mayor fragmentación y deslocalización de la producción (offshoring) a una ralentización de la globalización e incluso relocalización de actividades (reshoring). Nuestros resultados muestran que el factor geográfico de esas CGV ha contribuido a aumentar las emisiones a lo largo de todo el periodo, mientras que el resto de factores (intensidad de emisiones, nivel y patrón de demanda) las redujeron desde 2008.

Palabras clave:

comercio internacional, emisiones, relocalización, reshoring

Citas

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