Protestas, revueltas y revoluciones en perspectiva histórica

Resumen

Este artículo analiza los determinantes de las revueltas y protestas sociales a muy largo plazo. Dado los altos costes de la acción colectiva en las sociedades autoritarias (la forma de organización política más dominante a lo largo de la historia), la protesta solo tendió a activarse en coyunturas muy específicas asociadas con procesos de deterioro institucional que, a su vez, podían estar asociados a subidas de impuestos e inflación de los precios de bienes esenciales. Así como el desarrollo ha eliminado las crisis de subsistencia, las democracias consolidadas han encontrado maneras de canalizar el conflicto a través del despliegue de instituciones más transparentes, justas y menos corruptas. Estas instituciones descansan sobre un mayor grado de consenso social y han desarrollado mecanismos de concertación que canalizan el conflicto hacia la mesa de negociación.

Palabras clave:

movimientos sociales, revoluciones, instituciones, acción colectiva, ciclos maltusianos

Citas

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