Inteligencia artificial y empleo: una reflexión aplicada al mercado laboral español

Resumen

Este artículo aborda los efectos de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el empleo, explorando la dualidad entre creación y destrucción de puestos de trabajo desde una perspectiva histórica y teórica. A través de un modelo basado en agentes, se proponen tres factores clave que determinan el impacto de la IA: la tasa de automatización, la capacidad de reconversión laboral y la creación de nuevos empleos. Con base en este marco teórico, se analizan las características del mercado laboral español y sus retos frente a la automatización, destacando la importancia de políticas educativas, incentivos empresariales y estrategias redistributivas para adaptarse al entorno cambiante. El estudio concluye que una adecuada combinación de innovación tecnológica y apoyo gubernamental será crucial para maximizar los beneficios de la IA y minimizar sus riesgos sobre el empleo en España.

Palabras clave:

inteligencia artificial, automatización, mercado laboral, reconversión laboral, políticas públicas

Citas

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